英語連詞用法歸納
一、概說
連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨用作句子成分。連詞按其性質可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等)，引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等，引出狀語從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。
二、并列連詞的用法
1. 表示轉折關系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 but, yet 等。如：
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的鋼筆，但我不記得是誰了。
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他說他是我們的朋友，但卻不肯幫助我們。
2. 表示因果關系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 for, so 等。如：
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 這孩子咳得很利害，所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你們一定要克服粗枝大葉，因為粗枝大葉常常引起嚴重的錯誤。
注意：for表示結果通常不能放句首，也不能單獨使用。
3. 表示并列關系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as 等。如：
He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他沒去，她也沒去。
The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天氣很溫暖，不冷也不熱。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。
It is important for you as well as for me. 這對你和對我都很重要。
People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年齡不到或者超齡的人都不得參軍。
三、從屬連詞的用法
1. 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞
(1) 表示“當…時候”或“每當”的時間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時不要說話。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鮮時最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走時他來了。
(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。主要的有before, after。如：
Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開前設法把工作做完。
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。
(3) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時間連詞。主要的有since, until, till。如：
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網球了。
Hold on until I fetch help. 堅持一下，等我找人來幫忙。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (諺)不要無事惹事。
(4) 表示“一…就”的時間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。
I came immediately I heard the news. 我一聽到這個消息，馬上就來了。
Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦開始, 便不可停下來。
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時間連詞。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次見到他時，我就把這個情況告訴他。
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每當我們洗手的時候，我們都要損失一些皮膚細胞。
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時都可以給我打電話。
注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
2. 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如：
Do you mind if I open the window?我開窗你不介意吧?
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話，否則你別來。6. 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：
Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他們雖是孿生, 但是相貌卻完全不同。
I like her even though she can be annoying. 盡管她有時很惱人, 但我還是喜歡她。
You won’t move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力氣多大, 也休想搬動那塊石頭。
Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我們取得的一切成就都歸功于你們的支持。
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過。
Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每當我見到他，我都和他講話。
7. 引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：
Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他將鐵棍折彎，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。
Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 沒有人像我這樣愛你。
8. 引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 這座教堂蓋在一座羅馬寺廟的舊址。
I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。
Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現同樣情況。
9. 引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as…as。如：
She was now happier than she had ever been. 現在她比過去任何時候都快活。
I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，時間比我想像的早。
He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那樣努力。
10. 引起名詞從句的從屬連詞。主要有that, whether, if 等，它們用于引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that 不僅沒不充當句子成分，而且沒有詞義，在句子中只起連接作用；而 if, whether 雖不充當句子成分，但有詞義，即表示“是否”。如：
He replied that he was going by train. 他回答說他將坐火車去。
I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我為是否傷了她的感情而擔心。
As long as you’re happy，it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高興，你做什么都沒關系。
In case it rains they will stay at home. 萬一下雨，他們就呆在家里。
注意：在條件狀語從句中，通常要用一般現在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。不過，有時表示條件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是將來時態(tài), 而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動詞)。如：
If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 請稍坐, 我這就通知經理說您來了。
3. 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每個人都能聽見。
Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重復了一遍好讓他聽明白。
4. 引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。如：
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早, 所以找個好座位。
I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了許多跤，以致于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關窗子用力很大, 結果玻璃震破了。
5. 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：
He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因為我是新來的。
As you are sorry，I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。
Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。
Seeing that he’s ill he’s unlikely to come. 因為他病了，他大概不會來了。
Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已經道了歉, 我也就滿意了。