absent
音標(biāo)發(fā)音
- 英式音標(biāo) ['?bs(?)nt]
- 美式音標(biāo) [??b.s?nt]
- 國際音標(biāo) ['?bs?nt, ?b'sent]
- 英式發(fā)音
- 美式發(fā)音
基本解釋
- adj. 缺席的;缺少的;心不在焉的;茫然的
- vt. 使缺席
詞源解說
- 14世紀(jì)晚期進(jìn)入英語,直接源自中世紀(jì)法語的absent;最初源自拉丁語的absentem,意為離開的原因。
詞根記憶
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在場的
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在的
同根派生
- adv性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absently:心不在焉地。
- n性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absence:沒有;缺乏;缺席;不注意。
- absenteeism:曠工;曠課;有計(jì)劃的怠工;經(jīng)常無故缺席。
- absentee:缺席者。
- absentmindedness:恍惚;心不在焉。
用法辨析
- absent的基本意思是“缺席的,不在場的”,在句中可用作定語或表語。用作表語時(shí)常與介詞from連用,有時(shí)還可接動(dòng)名詞,主語一般為人。
- absent作“沒有的,缺乏的”解是正式用法,在句中多用作表語,常與介詞from連用,主語一般為物。
- absent作“心不在焉的,走神的”解時(shí),指思想不能集中于當(dāng)前的事情。
- absent不用于比較等級。
- absent前加定冠詞the可用作名詞,意思是“缺席的人”。
- absent用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常接反身代詞作賓語,其后常接from引起的介詞短語。absent偶爾也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。
- 指某人不在某地用absent from,如absent from Shanghai意為“不在上?!保f某人absent in Shanghai時(shí),則是指“在上?!?;
- 涉及到不會(huì)動(dòng)的東西時(shí),absent in ...意為“不在……里”或“在……里沒有”,可參考absence, 但是有特例。Prejudice is absent from his mind. 句中習(xí)慣用from,因成見雖不會(huì)動(dòng),但會(huì)自己產(chǎn)生和消滅。
adj. (形容詞)
v. (動(dòng)詞)
英漢例句
- After the party he telephoned his absent friends.
晚會(huì)后他打電話給沒有赴約的朋友。 - Three members of the class are absent today.
班上今天有三人缺席。 - He was absent at roll call.
他點(diǎn)名時(shí)不在。 - The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse.
不在場的人總有錯(cuò),在場的人總有理。 - Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
這天下午許多人沒有到場,既不見他們本人也不見他們的代表。 - Saying “ Would you please excuse me for a minute”, he absented himself.
說著“對不起,我要出去一下”,他就離開了。
用作形容詞 (adj.)
用作定語: ~+ n.
用作表語: S+be+~
S+be+~+ prep. -phrase
其他
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
用作不及物動(dòng)詞: S+~(+A)
用作及物動(dòng)詞: S+~+oneself
詞組短語
- absent expression 茫然的表情
- absent friends 不在場的朋友們;不在場的朋友;缺席的朋友
- absent look 神不守舍的樣子
- absent stare 茫然的呆視
- absent way 茫然
- absent at roll call 點(diǎn)名時(shí)不在
用作形容詞 (adj.)
~+名詞
~+介詞
英英字典
- (NOT PRESENT) not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work
- (NOT EXISTING) not existing
- (NOT PAYING ATTENTION) used to describe a person or the expression on a person's face when they are thinking about other things and are not paying attention to what is happening near them
- without
- to not go to a place where you are expected to be, especially a school or place of work
- If someone or something is absent from a place or situation where they should be or where they usually are, they are not there.
- If someone appears absent, they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.
- absently
- An absent parent does not live with his or her children.
- If you say that absent one thing, another thing will happen, you mean that if the first thing does not happen, the second thing will happen.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
專業(yè)釋義
- 缺失
- 不存在
- 缺席的