have contributed to

基本解釋

Nor is it really possible to decide how much individuals have contributed to a complex, cooperative, system of production, in order to reward them according to their labor.
為了根據(jù)他們的勞動(dòng)給予他們報(bào)酬，從而判定個(gè)人對(duì)一個(gè)復(fù)雜的互助生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)做了多少貢獻(xiàn)，這在實(shí)際上也是不可能的。
It further notes examples of cooperation between the UN and partners, in particular, the private sector, which have contributed to the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty.
進(jìn)一步注意到聯(lián)合國(guó)與所有相關(guān)伙伴，尤其是私營(yíng)部門(mén)合作的寶貴范例，它已經(jīng)在謀求發(fā)展及消滅貧窮中做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
High energy prices—Chile imports almost all its oil and gas—have contributed to a blip in inflation.
高能源價(jià)格—智利幾乎進(jìn)口它所有的石油和天然氣—已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了通貨膨脹。

"We have also reduced people's vulnerabilities by increasing civil service pay, by settling arrears,all of which have contributed to corruption,".
If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.
如果你是一個(gè)公司的股東,或者和別人一起做作業(yè)及其他合作項(xiàng)目,你們需要注意到因?yàn)橥獠啃?實(shí)際上每個(gè)人都付出了較少的努力
耶魯公開(kāi)課 - 博弈論課程節(jié)選
Many observers say those policies have contributed to creating an impoverished, undereducated and isolated population.

We have contributed to many charitable causes but have never sought publicity for doing so.
FORBES: Apple Loop: The Week in Review