washback

基本解釋

Language testing unavoidably has potential effects or washback, either positive or negative, upon instruction and learning.
摘要語言測試對課堂教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)總是存在不同程度的積極或消極的影響，即反撥作用。
Washback Effect of Language Testing
語言測試的反撥作用研究
A review of the washback effect research in language testing
語言測試反撥效應(yīng)研究概述
Washback Effect of CET on College English Teaching and Learning
論四、六級測試對大學(xué)英語教學(xué)的反撥作用
The theory of language testing and its washback on FL instruction
語言測試?yán)碚摷捌鋵ν庹Z教學(xué)的影響