過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)
你知道怎麼判斷一個(gè)句子是否用過去完成時(shí)嗎?今天英語語法網(wǎng)詳細(xì)說一下吧
(1)由時(shí)間狀語來判定
一般說來,各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有by,by the end of,“before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,“by the time+一般過去時(shí)從句”等。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.到昨天晚上九點(diǎn)鍾,我已經(jīng)讀完這部小說了。
We had learned over 2,000 English words by the end of last term.到上學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí),我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了2,000多個(gè)英語單詞了。
The bus had already left by the time/when I got there.我到達(dá)那裡時(shí),公共汽車已經(jīng)離開了。
(2)由“過去的過去”來判定
過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先後關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí),在後的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在賓語從句或狀語從句中。
①儅賓語從句的主句爲(wèi)一般過去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先於主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí)。如:She said that she had seen the film before.她說她以前看過這部電影。
②在表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主句和從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先後關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的要用過去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在後的要用一般過去時(shí)。如:
After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.他完成作業(yè)後就上牀睡覺了。
【注意】 before或after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,由於 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先後關(guān)系,若主句和從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主句和從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)。如:
Where did you study before you came here?你來到這兒前在哪兒學(xué)習(xí)?
After he closed the door,he left the classroom.他關(guān)上門後就離開了教室。
(3)根據(jù)上下文來判定。 如:
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上碰見王濤了。自從他去了北京,我們就沒見過麪了。