現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與將來完成的區(qū)別
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間爲(wèi)蓡照點(diǎn),表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài);
2. 過去完成時(shí)則以過去時(shí)間爲(wèi)蓡照點(diǎn),表示在“過去”某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài);
3. 將來完成時(shí)則以將來時(shí)間爲(wèi)蓡照點(diǎn),表示在“將來”某一時(shí)間爲(wèi)止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)。
請(qǐng)看例句:
He has finished writing his novel. 他已寫完了他的小說。
He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就寫完他的小說。
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就會(huì)寫完他的小說了。
與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)一樣,在表示時(shí)間或者條件的狀語從句,通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表示將來完成時(shí),而不能直接使用將來完成時(shí):
I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之後我就同你去。
若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(且不至於引起歧義),有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作後就同你去。