靜態(tài)形容詞和動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞的用法
靜態(tài)形容詞是指描述人或事物所固有或持久性質(zhì)的形容詞,動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞則是表示暫時(shí)狀態(tài)的形容詞。英語(yǔ)中的形容詞絕大部分是靜態(tài)的,衹有少數(shù)是動(dòng)態(tài)的。這兩種形容詞的區(qū)別是:
一、靜態(tài)形容詞不能用於進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞可以。
如:誤:He is being beautiful. (beautiful爲(wèi)靜態(tài)形容詞)爲(wèi)靜態(tài)形容詞正:He is being nervous. 他顯得很緊張。
二、靜態(tài)形容詞不能用於主要?jiǎng)釉~爲(wèi)be的祈使句,而動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞可以。
如: 誤:Be tall. / Don't be short. (tall 和short爲(wèi)靜態(tài)形容詞)正:Be polite. / Don't be rude. 有禮貌點(diǎn)。/ 不得無(wú)禮。
三、靜態(tài)形容詞不能用於What he did was to be 這類句型後作表語(yǔ),而動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞可以。
如:誤:What he did was to be tall. (tall爲(wèi)靜態(tài)形容詞)正:What he did was to be careful. 他所做的是就是要認(rèn)真。
四、靜態(tài)形容詞大多用於It's +adj. + for …結(jié)搆,而動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞則大多可用於It's + adj.+ of sb …結(jié)搆。
如:。如:It was difficult for him to finish it in time. 要他按時(shí)完成它有睏難。It was clever of him to finish it in time. 他很聰明,按時(shí)完成了它。
五、一些主動(dòng)性較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)境中可用動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞,但不用靜態(tài)形容詞。
如:如:誤:You must be beautiful. (must 若表肯定推測(cè),此句則正確)正:You must be careful. 你必須仔細(xì)。注:通??捎渺秳?dòng)態(tài)的形容詞主要有:brave 勇敢的calm 冷靜的 careful 仔細(xì)的 careless 粗心的 cheerful 高興的 clever 聰明的cruel 殘酷的cruel foolish 愚蠢的 friendly 友好的 impatient 不耐煩 kind 友好的 naughty 淘氣的nervous 緊張的 noisy 吵閙的 patient 有耐心的 quiet 安靜的 serious 嚴(yán)肅的 shy 害羞的stupid 愚蠢的 等等。