指示代詞This與That的前指與後指

關(guān)於指示代詞this與that的前指與後指，請(qǐng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：

1. 如果是前指（即廻指前文提到的事情），可用that或this。如：

She married Jim, and this [that] surprised me. 她嫁給了吉姆，這使我感到很喫驚。

John had a bad cold. That [This] was why he didn't turn up. 約翰患了重感冒，這(那)就是他沒(méi)有來(lái)的原因。

The kids would answer back and that [this] drove her crazy. 孩子們會(huì)頂嘴，把她逼瘋。

We laughed and that [this] helped ease the tension. 我們笑了，因而使緊張的情緒緩和下來(lái)。

They offered me free accommodation for a year, and that [this] decided me. 他們願(yuàn)意免費(fèi)爲(wèi)我提供一年的住宿，這就使我下定了決心。

It was always said of the Princess that she had the common touch and that [this] was why she was so well loved by the people. 人人都說(shuō)王妃平易近人，也正是因爲(wèi)這一點(diǎn)她才會(huì)如此深受民衆(zhòng)的愛(ài)戴。

注：廻指上文的 that 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常也譯爲(wèi)“這”。如：

That's where you are wrong. 這就是你不對(duì)的地方。

2. 如果是後指（即指後文敘述的事情），則通常衹用 this。如：

I want to know this: is he healthy? 我想知道這一點(diǎn)：他是否很健康。

Answer me this: how did they know we were here? 廻答我這個(gè)問(wèn)題：他們?cè)觞N知道我們?cè)谶@兒？

The challenge for American leadership is this: Can we put our economic house in order? 美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層麪臨的挑戰(zhàn)是：我們能否処理好自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題？