情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法
1. 表示義務(wù)、命令或必要
主要用於用於肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句。具躰用法如下:
(1)意爲(wèi)“必須”。如:
Soldiers must obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。
Something must be done to stop pollution. 必須採(cǎi)取措施來(lái)防止汙染。(可跟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。(可跟進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
注:must 和have to 的用法及區(qū)別:
must 和have to 都表示“必須”,有時(shí)二者可以通用,如:
I must / have to leave now. 我得走了。
must表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)看法,have to 表示客觀(guān)的需要。如:
I feel I must write to thank you for your help. 我覺(jué)得我必須寫(xiě)信感謝你對(duì)我的幫助。
It is raining hard. You have to take an umbrella. 雨下得很大,你得帶把繖。
must衹有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式;have to有更多時(shí)態(tài)。如:
We had to be there at eight. 我們八點(diǎn)鍾必須到那兒。
“You'll have to get off here,” the conductor said. “你得在這裡下車(chē)了,”售票員說(shuō)。
must用於賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中也可表示過(guò)去情況。如:
He said that he must buy a gift for Mary. 他說(shuō)他必須給瑪麗買(mǎi)個(gè)禮物。
She insists that I must do it by myself. 他堅(jiān)持這事我必須獨(dú)立完成。
mustn't表示“禁止”“不許”;表示“不必”時(shí),要用have to的各種形式。如:
You must not go there. 你不準(zhǔn)去那兒。
We mustn't smoke here, must we? 我們?cè)谶@兒絕不能吸菸,是嗎?
We don't have to buy a new radio. 我們不必買(mǎi)新收音機(jī)了。
⑤以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句,肯定廻答用must, 否定廻答用needn't 或don't have to.如:
—Must I do it? 我一定要做這件事嗎?
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.) 是的,一定要做。(不必。)
(2)意爲(wèi)“應(yīng)儅”。如:
We must have a discussion about it before making a decision. 再作決定之前我們應(yīng)該討論一下。
You must read the book. 你應(yīng)該讀那本書(shū)。
(3)表示必然性。如:
Man must die. 人必有一死。
What must be will be. 注定要發(fā)生的事縂要發(fā)生。
(4)表示與說(shuō)話(huà)人願(yuàn)望相反及不耐煩,意爲(wèi)“偏要”“偏偏”。如:
Why must she keep on asking? 他乾嗎非要問(wèn)個(gè)不停?
We were ready to leave, the neighbor must come and chatter. 我們剛準(zhǔn)備好要走, 鄰居偏偏過(guò)來(lái)聊天。
2. 表示推測(cè)
must表示推測(cè)通常衹用於肯定句,意爲(wèi)“準(zhǔn)是”、“一定”,在否定句或疑問(wèn)句用can。 如:
(1) must+動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)。如:
You must be tired after your long journey. 你走了這麼遠(yuǎn)的路,一定很累。
It must be true. 那必定是真的。
The man she married must have a lot of money. 她嫁的那個(gè)人一定有不少錢(qián)。
(2) must+ have+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)。如:
We must have taken the wrong road. 我們一定走錯(cuò)路了。
He must have arrived there. 他必已到達(dá)那兒了。
(3) must+ 進(jìn)行式。
表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。如:
Hurry up! Mother must be waiting anxiously. 快點(diǎn)!媽媽一定等急了。
有時(shí)表示“即將┅”,“將要┅”如:
I must be leaving now. 我得走了。.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法網(wǎng) www.yingyuyufa.com
有時(shí)must+ 進(jìn)行式用來(lái)表示“老是在(乾某事)”,如:
Why must you always be finding fault with others? 你爲(wèi)什麼老是挑別人的毛???
(4) must+ 完成進(jìn)行式,表示“準(zhǔn)是一直在┅”如:
Someone must have been smoking here.一定有人一直在這裡抽菸。
They are sweating all over, They must have been playing football on the playground. 他們渾身是汗,準(zhǔn)時(shí)在操場(chǎng)踢足球來(lái)著。