淺談主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

請(qǐng)大家看看這道題：

The pen __________ quite smoothly.

A. writes B. is written C. has written D. is to be written

此題應(yīng)選A。英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞在用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，雖然形式上爲(wèi)主動(dòng)，但意義上卻是被動(dòng)，這種用法主要見(jiàn)於一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況(有時(shí)也可能是將來(lái)時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)等)：

Meat cuts easily. 肉容易切。

The book sells well. 這書(shū)銷路好。

My coat caught on a nail. 我的衣服被釘子鉤住了。

This kind of cloth washes very well. 這種佈很耐洗。

Good leather will wear for years. 好的皮革可以穿好幾年。

The book is printing. 這本正在印刷。

The house is building. 房子正在建築中。

The book is selling well. 這書(shū)銷路好。

盡琯以上各例有時(shí)也可以直接使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：

Good leather will be worn for years.

The book is being printed. (www.yingyuyufa.com)

但是在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況更普遍。不過(guò)值得注意的是：像本題所涉及的這樣的例子卻衹能用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：The pen writes quite smoothly. (這筆寫起來(lái)很流暢)，因爲(wèi)若直接用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：*The pen is written quites moothly. 那麼它相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即爲(wèi)：*He writes the pen quite smoothly. 這顯然是荒唐的。