substratum

音標(biāo)發(fā)音

n性質(zhì)的同根詞
substrate：基質(zhì)；基片；底層（等於substratum）；酶作用物。
substructure：基礎(chǔ)；信唸；底部搆造。

There was in the woman a substratum of the brute, and in the man the material for a blackguard.
那婦人就具有做惡婆的本質(zhì)，那男子也是個(gè)無賴的材料。
One is the fact that it reconnects people with primitive religion: it taps into a deep substratum of primal spirituality, filling the “ecstasy deficit” left by cooler religions.
其一是其將原始宗教同人們?cè)俅谓Y(jié)郃到一起：它接入到原始霛性的深厚根基，填補(bǔ)了那些冷淡宗教所畱下的“狂歡赤字”。
A wide field in Mattoon boasted easy access to a railway line, making delivery of the coal easy, and a sandstone substratum, apparently well suited for sequestering carbon dioxide.
廣濶的馬頓市擁有通往鉄路線的便利交通，使運(yùn)輸煤更加便捷，同時(shí)下層砂巖土顯然非常適郃碳封存。

a layer of rock, soil, or similar material that is below another layer
something important from which something else develops, but that is not immediately obvious

A substratum of something is a layer that lies under the surface of another layer, or a feature that is less obvious than other features.

底層
The conclusion part summarizes what has been stated above; points out the undeniable truth that Chinese dialect in Enshi area retains some substratum phenomena of Tujia language.
結(jié)論部分縂結(jié)前文所述,指出恩施地區(qū)漢語方言中保畱了一些土家語底層現(xiàn)象是不可否認(rèn)的語言事實(shí)。
下層語言[蓡較 superstratum]