動(dòng)名詞作主語
Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 動(dòng)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用三單形式 動(dòng)名詞作主語,在動(dòng)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加Ing,使該動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語,有名詞的各種特征,可作名詞靈活使用。如: It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 對(duì)這種事情不是開玩笑。 動(dòng)名詞作主語的幾種類型 動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分。在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語的情況進(jìn)行討論。 動(dòng)名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況: 1. 直接位于句首做主語。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主語,把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。 動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí),不太常用 it 作先行主語,多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時(shí)回來。 4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸煙) No parking. (禁止停車) 5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí),??梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格,構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(——這時(shí),名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.例詞 shopping fishing cycling這些都是很常見的動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞作主語與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意: 1) 在口語中,用動(dòng)名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。 2) 在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語: It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that. 3) 在疑問句中,通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語: Does your saying that mean anything to him? *Does for you to say that mean anything to him? 4) 在“There be”句型中,只能用動(dòng)名詞,而不能用不定式作主語: There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen. 5) 當(dāng)句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí),要遵循前后一致的原則,主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一: Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe.