現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題及答案
1)現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。
I‟m sure we‟ve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven‟t heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。
We haven‟t seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。
They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a) since和for的區(qū)別
since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段時間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5.India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since
1)表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句話可以改為：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：
Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了?(已經(jīng)回來了)
Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了?(人不在)
They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大)
They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大).
3)現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：
She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。
I haven‟t read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。
I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。
They have never been to Yan‟an. 他們從未去過延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。