during的用法
1. 表示“在……期間”,是介詞,不要將其誤用作連詞。如:
他在巴黎期間,與他的朋友住在一起。
誤:During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
正:While he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
正:During his stay in Paris, he lived with his friends.
2. during 和 for 均可表示一段時間,但兩者有差別。
(1) during 通常表示事件發(fā)生在何時(when),而for則表示事件持續(xù)了多長時間(how long)。如:
He was in hospital for six weeks during the summer. 他在夏天住了6個星期的醫(yī)院。
(2) 兩者之后均可接由 the whole 引起的時間短語,但通常不能接由 all 引起的時間短語。如:
他整個夏天都住在那兒。
正:He stayed there for [during] the whole summer.
誤:He stayed there for [during] all the summer.
(3) 在“數(shù)詞+時間名詞”之前以及在some time, a long time之類表示泛指一段時間的詞組之前,可用介詞 for,但不用 during。如:
He lived here for ten years (for some time). 他在這兒住過 10 年(一段時間)。
2. during與in均可表示“時間點”,有時可互換。如:
I'll be on holiday in [during] August. 我將在8月度假。
He woke up three times in [during] the night. 夜里他醒了 3 次。
但在使用時還有以下幾點要注意:
(1) 比較而言,during 更強調(diào)時間的延續(xù),in 只是指一般性的某一時間。因此若表示狀態(tài)或習慣性動作,多用during,否則以用in為常見。如:
Many people suffered hardship during the war. 許多人在戰(zhàn)爭期間受苦遭難。
He was injured in the war. 他在戰(zhàn)爭期間受了傷。
(2) 在stay, visit, meal等表示行為要持續(xù)一段時間的名詞之前,只能用during 而不能用in。如:
The phone rang during the meal. 吃飯時電話鈴響了。
I went to see my aunt during my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期間,我去看了我的姑媽。
(3) 與季節(jié)名詞連用,in表泛指,during表特指。如:
In summer we often camp in the forest. 夏天我們常在森林里露營。(泛指)
During the summer we camped in the forest. 今年夏天我們在森林里露營。(特指)